New Psychiatry, New Psychoanalysis

  The Japanese edition of The Integration Theory of Psychoanalysis (published October 1, 2007) represents the opening scene of a new psychiatry and new psychoanalysis. Understanding how to work with the characteristics of two kinds of displeasing emotions (bad and weak emotions) provides an important opportunity to distinguish normality (health) of mind from abnormality (disease) of mind. Regulation of bad emotion is equivalent to the mind of forgiveness and the regulation of weak emotion is equivalent to the mind of help. The cause of functional mental disorders can be elucidated by four types of combinations (the basic models of mental structure; TypeⅠ~TypeⅣ),  whether the loop of forgiveness and the loop of help are present or not. These combinations are also borne out in clinical cases (psychosis, pathological states of the aggressive system, pathological states of the fragile system, and defensive states). So far no one has ever been able to completely cure psychosis, but a true radical treatment (the way to cure) can be formulated by relying on these combinations (the theory of improving stages among disorders can be created by relying on them). At the same time, my new approach offers a revolutionary theory of practical treatment (a second treatment that follows treatment by the extra-therapeutic object).

  The defects of forgiveness and help lead to pathological experiences (cognitive, subjective experiences) involving bad emotion and weak emotion. The psychodynamics of these psychic phenomena make it difficult for a person to recognize bad and weak emotions, at the same time, that psychodynamics can be identified as neural transmissions in the emotional brain and the whole brain. The displeasing factors are two kinds of displeasing emotions; the defensive factors are the emotions working defensively in the animal brain (pursuing pleasure); and the regulatory factors are the emotions that have evolved from the animal brain (sustaining pleasure) and cause humans to form forgiveness and help. The neural transmissions generated by the interlocking movements among these factors can be expressed as follows: defensive factors⇔displeasing factors→regulatory factors. The following can be prescribed: defensive factors←displeasing factors indicates defense, defensive factors→displeasing factors indicates dissociation, displeasing factors→regulatory factors indicates regulation, defensive factors⇔displeasing factors indicates displeasure-defense system, displeasing factors→regualtory factors indicates displeasure-regulation system. It is possible to create a functional network of neural transmissions in the emotional brain by elucidating these neural transmissions. Just by distinguishing between the conflict area and the conflict-free area, we can enable a functional network of neural transmissions in the whole brain. Through this study, we can identify the routes of neural transmissions in the interlocking movements among the motive system, the aversion system, and the regulation system, which correspond to the displeasing factors, defensive factors, and regulatory factors, adding the reward system and the memory system. Moreover, we can distinguish clearly normality (health) of mind from abnormality (disease) of mind.



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Structure theory of personality

  The structure theory of personality, which takes into account the normality and the abnormality of personalities based on a generative ground, in short, the integrated personality theory has not yet been established in conventional psychiatry and psychoanalysis. There have been several personality theories according to each doctrine but are clinically imperfect. This integration problem was an issue for me. As I mentioned in the introduction of The Integration Theory of Psychoanalysis, readers might still be unaware to how The Integration Theory of Psychoanalysis is connected with conventional studies. I will mention personality theory, describing differences between The Integration Theory of Psychoanalysis and conventional studies.

  The classification of personality disorders in present psychiatry was generated through the International Classification of Disease (ICD) by the WHO and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) by the American Psychiatric Association's Committee on Nomenclature and Statistics. Each of these diagnostic tools has been improved upon recently, and is very useful for many clinical cases. However, they are somewhat limited to the diagnostic level based on characteristics of symptomatology. In other words, even if it is possible to diagnose various personality disorders based on specific characteristics, there is no method for determining cause and treatment (Psychodynamic Psychiatry in Clinical Practice by Glen O. Gabbard, which deals with personality disorders. He highlights his clinical experience and considerations that are in line with DSM classifications. This is easy and practical. I learned from him first hand. His work was very helpful whenwriting The Integration Theory of Psychoanalysis.) Moreover, these diagnostic standards are frequently used in conjunction with personality tests for general diagnosis and treatment. However, information that is accumulated can be unconvincing as to the proper therapeutic method to be used.

  How has conventional psychoanalysis fared? Neurosis was central to Freud's clinical studies. The distinction between psychosis and psychopathy (psychopathic personality) might have best been made with in psychiatry in the days of Freud. Freud's endorsement of neurosis as a new group of disorders was rather epic. Furthermore, transference was even a greater discovery, and Freud developed the possibility of treatment through using
transference. We can argue that both psychoanalysis and psychiatry first blossomed at this point in time. According to these situations, a real personality theory was not yet developed during the days of Freud. Freud developed the structural theory and topography to establish causes and treatments for neurosis; however, his metapsychology is not reflective of current personality theory. In The Integration Theory of Psychoanalysis, neurosis corresponds to defensive states (slightly disturbed personality
disorders), which are defensive states of aggressive system (obsessive-compulsive personality disorders, avoidant personality disorders, etc.), defensive states of fragile system (narcissistic personality disorders and dependent personality disorders), and another cluster of symptoms (not as disorder formation but as symptom formation).

  The treatment of neurosis became commonplace, and a group of disorders on a lower level were paid heed. O. Kernberg's advocacy of borderline personality disorders was also important. Kernberg developed recapitulative personality theory by using the concept of borderline personality organization (BPO). He enumerated ego identity, frustration tolerance, primitive defense mechanisms, etc., as the constituent elements of this recapitulative personality theory. He also included a separation-individuation theory by M.Mahler, which is a developmental theory of mind. Owing to Kernberg, psychoanalysis was full of vitality. However, Kernberg's influence waned. One reason might be that his treatment strategy was poor. Interpretation still predominated therapeutic techniques at that time. Additionally, H. Kohut mentioned the details of transference in regards to narcissistic personality disorders with a therapeutic technique referred to as empathy. Which technique is right? Both techniques are right in their own way. According to Kernberg and Kohut, two personality theories were in opposition. Presently,  psychoanalysis has split into several sects. We can also argue that the history of psychoanalysis has been generated through the rise of several personality theories (based
on other treatments of personality disorders).

  Based on these situations, the DSM mentioned above, outlined diagnostic standards of various personality disorders. However, the sole use of interpretation and empathy during treatment was not sufficient for curing borderline cases. It was at this time that The Integration Theory of Psychoanalysis appeared on the scene. I intended to understand complicated changes within psychoanalysis and improve upon them. This was difficult work. My first task was to break away from metapsychology, which supported Freud's  neurotic theory. I stripped it down to the level where Freud's theory was applicable to pathological states (severely disturbed personality disorders) and psychotic states. Next, I addressed Kernberg's borderline theory: one task was to elucidate the reason for the formation of frustration tolerance; another was to forsake the developmental theory. As mentioned several times throughut this book, frustration tolerance (patience) originates in the psychodynamics of forgiveness. New apologetic techniques have been developed by the elucidation of forgiveness. Furthermore, I noticed that the developmental theory should not be used to create the structure theory of personality. Given that personality theory is the cross section of mind, and developmental theory is the vertical section of mind, using developmental theory to address personality theory is imprecise. A specific personality theory cannot be attained. Moreover, adding the weak object to Kohut's theory elucidated the psychodynamics of help; this produced new techniques for inducing superiority in the object. The treatment of any personality disorders has become possible only when this work was completed.

  The discovery of a therapeutic method produced the elucidation of various personalities, personality traits, and the causes of personality disorders. Additionally, we were able to define normal mental states and better elucidate the whole personality structure, or , in other words, the mental structure. Up to this point, no one had wrestled with the difficult problem of radical treatment on psychoses. It is natural that we would want to go against Freud's words, "Psychoses cannot be cured by psychoanalysis." I came to a resolution and, left my collegiate job. I resigned my position as an "elite psychoanalyst" and struggled hard. My efforts eventually bore fruit. I finished writing two papers on the radical treatment of psychoses and completed The Integration Theory of Psychoanalysis. Therefore, the personality theory and the structure theory of personality have a specific history. I worked from these histories, but cut out all useless ones. Some psychoanalysts might be displeased with my work. However, this is inevitable in order to turn psychoanalysis into science. I hope that the reader will be able to grasp these circumstances and understand that the structure theory of personality has already been
completed.


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Contact information 

The Integration Theory of Psychoanalysis is the revolutionary theory of psychoanalysis. It defines mental health & disease, and elucidates every psychological phenomena. Particularly, the cause of psychosis, schizophrenia & manic-depressive disorders, is clarified and their radical
treatment aiming complete recovery is established. The contents beyond all imagination, the elucidation of consciousness & self-consciousness, the way to enlightenment etc. are included in this book. Not only the expert in the field of psychoanalysis but also the persons who have interest in mind will be strongly affected by this book.