The regulation system is not present in the aggressive and fragile systems within psychotic states. The regulation system is present only within either system (the aggressive system or the fragile system), but is not present within another system related to pathological states.

  In a group of disorders called pathological states of the aggressive system, the aggressive regulation system (the loop of forgiveness) is not present, and psychodynamics are developed around the undifferentiated displeasing factors in the aggressive system. This is referred to as the bad self-object. In a group of disorders called pathological states of the fragile system, the fragile regulation system (the loop of help) is not present, and psychodynamics are developed around the undifferentiated displeasing factors in the fragile system. This is referred to as the weak self-object.

  Pathological states are partially severe as compared with psychoses. In short, "pathological states of the aggressive system + pathological states of the fragile system = psychosis." Pathological states seem to be beyond more than a half level of severity as compared with psychoses, because another system without the undifferentiated displeasing factors also becomes conflictual. However, it is sometimes hard to improve psychoses to the basic defense preparation (the remissive phase) from the chronic phase or the depressive phase. The basic defense preparation is the starting point for radical treatment mentioned above. Considering this fact, it is proper that pathological states are on a half level of severity as compared with psychoses. Therapists should experience radical treatment for pathological states before undertaking radical treatment for psychoses.


                                                                   Disorder Formation (Ⅱ)

  Pathological states of the aggressive system is classified under Type Ⅱ of the basic model in figure 1: The basic model of mental structure. In other words, the loop of forgiveness is not formed, but the loop of help is formed within the mental structures. The aggressive regulation system is not held, and the defensive fluidity, which is generated through using denial and projective identification in turn, is observed. However, the fragile regulation system is held, and conflicts arise.

  Four groups of disorders belong to pathological states of the aggressive system: borderline per-sonality disorders along the axis of temperament, histrionic personality disorders which are a sub-type of borderline personality disorders, antisocial personality disorders not along the axis of temperament, and obsessive-abortive personality disorders which are a sub-type of antisocial personality disorders.


                                                                     Disorder Formation (Ⅱ)

  The cause of pathological states of the aggressive system is the defect of the loop of forgiveness. Pathological states of the aggressive system is defective in introjection of the rebellious object and cannot form the rebellious self through indentifying with the rebellious object. It is also defective in introjection of the apologetic object and cannot form the apologetic self through identifying with the apologetic object. It is necessary for the work of the aggressive regulation system that the loop of forgiveness is formed not only in the therapeutic relationship (or the first treatment) but also in the extra-therapeutic relationship (or the second treatment).


　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Disorder Formation (Ⅱ)

  The goal of radical treatment is to set the formation of double restraint on the loop of forgiveness. First, the patients introject the rebellious object, and form the rebellious self through identifying with the rebellious object in the therapeutic relationship (or the first treatment). Second, the patients introject the rebellious object, and form the rebellious self through identifying with the rebelious object in the extra-therapeutic relationship (or the second treatment). Third, the patients introject the apologetic object, and form the apologetic self through identifying with the apologetic object in the therapeutic relationship (or the first treatment). Fourth, the patients introject the apologetic object, and form the apologetic self through identifying with the apologetic object in the extra-therapeutic relationship (or the second treatment).


                                                                    Disorder Formation (Ⅱ)

  Pathological states of the fragile system is classified under Type Ⅲ of the basic model in figure 1: The basic model of mental structure. In other words, the loop of help is not formed, but the loop of forgiveness is formed within the mental structures. The fragile regulation system is not held, and the defensive fluidity, which is generated through using denial and projective identification in turn, is observed. However, the aggressive regulation system is held, and conflicts arise.

  Four groups of disorders belong to pathological states of the fragile system: schizoid personality disorders along the axis of temperament, schizotypal personality disorders which are a sub-type of schizoid personality disorders, paranoid (delusional) personality disorders not along the axis of temperament, and passive-aggressive personality disorders which are a sub-type of paranoid (delusional) personality disorders.


                                                                      Disorder Formation (Ⅱ)

  The cause of pathological stetes of the fragile system is the defect of the loop of help. Pathological states of the fragile system is defective in introjection of the idealized object and cannot form the grandiose self through identifying with the idealized object. It is necessary for the work of the fragile regulation system that the loop of help is formed not only in the therapeutic relationship (or the first treatment) but also in the extra-therapeutic relationship (or the second treatment).


                                                                         Disorder Formation (Ⅱ)

  The goal of radical treatment is to set to the formation of double restraint on the loop of help. First, the patients introject the idealized object, and form the grandiose self through identifying with the idealized object in the therapeutic relationship (or the first treatment). Second, the patients introject the idealized object, and form the grandiose self through identifying with the idealized object in the extra-therapeutic relationship (or the second treatment). Actually it is impossible to form two loops of help from the beginning. At first, two narcissistic type of the closed cycles are formed, and next, two dependent type of the closed cycles (restarint with involvement) are formed.


                                                                       Disorder Formation (Ⅱ)

  All 14 factors composing the emotion system are present in defensive states (see Type Ⅰ of the basic model in figure 1: The basic model of mental structure). If stimuli are appropriate, they can activate any of these factors. However, the regulation system in defensive states is still poor, differing from the regulation system in regulatory states. In other words, the displeasure-defense system is activated because the loops of forgiveness and help do not work well under certain stresses. These circumstances generate conflicts, as mentioned before. Both the regulatory factors and the defensive factors are activated in conflicts (concerning the displeasing factors), and the psychodynamics come to a standstill.

  There are four displeasing factors (the bad self, the bad object, the weak self, and the weak object). That leads to four types of conflicts (refer to Chapter 8-16: Conflict for an explanation). However, disorder formation within defensive states depends upon the direction of pathological identification rather than conflicts. Pathological identification refers to the involvement of the perception and thinking systems within the displeasure-defense system. There are also four types of pathological identification (the fear-induced type, the sadistic type, the narcissistic type, and the dependent type), and their combinations perform important roles within disorder formation.


                                                                       Disorder Formation (Ⅱ)

  Defensive states are classified into defensive states of the aggressive system and defensive states of the fragile system. The formation of the loop of forgiveness is poorer compared to the formation of the loop of help in defensive states of the aggressive system. In other words, conflicts within the aggressive system (the first conflict concerning the bad self and the second conflict concerning the bad object) are likely to be realized rather than conflicts within te fragile system (the third conflict concerning the weak object and the fourth conflict concerning the weak self). There are four groups of disorders within defensive states of the aggressive system: irritable, obsessive-compulsive, avoidant, and hysterical personality disorders. The classification of these disorders depends on the combination of pathological identification within the aggressive and the fragile systems.


                                                                          Disorder Formation (Ⅱ)

  Defensive states are classified into defensive states of the fragile system and defensive states of the aggressive system. The formation of the loop of help is poorer compared to the formation of the loop of forgiveness in defensive states of the fragile system. In other words, conflicts in the fragile system (the third conflict concerning the weak object and the fourth conflict concerning the weak self) are likely to be realized rather than conflicts in the aggressive system (the first conflict concerning the bad self and the second conflict concerning the bad object). There are two groups of disorders in defensive states of the fragile system : narcissistic and dependent personality disorders. The classification of these disorders depends on the direction of pathological identification in the fragile system and does not depend on pathological identification in the aggressive system.


                                                                   Disorder Formation (Ⅱ)