In the current status, the research on emotion, especially regarding the properties and structure of emotion (pleasure and displeasure) and the influences of emotion on other brain functions (e.g., consciousness and language) are insufficiently studied in brain science, linguistics, psychiatry, and psychoanalysis. Emotion (pleasure and displeasure) is the origin which creates consciousness, language, and personality. However, theories dealing with consciousness, language, and personality are sometimes made without reference to emotion. Those theories are not complete, as they miss the most significant point. Now, I present the methodology to eliminate such problems. In "The Integration Theory of Psychoanalysis in the Next Generation: Consciousness is a navigator that goes through a detour to explore the main road, the essence of language is pleasure and displeasure, the artificial mind is the super-personality, having both language and consciousness," emotion, consciousness, language, personality, psychic disease, psychic symptoms, radical treatment, and all psychic phenomena are summarized in one unified theory.
Groups of disorders in psychiatry are often labeled by combining several psychic symptoms that are characteristic and selected from symptom clusters. No rule has been discovered as to symptom formation that supports groups of disorders. In contrast, the Integration Theory of Psychoanalysis can connect groups of disorders with symptom clusters by applying the rule, i.e., the emotional control system (the functional network of neural transmissions in the emotional brain). Although Freud's two topographies are used in psychoanalysis, Freud himself questioned their consistency. Each of two topographies is revised in the Integration Theory of Psychoanalysis in a way, so that solid consistency is demonstrated between them.
Brain science has still not drawn sufficiently on the structure and function of consciousness as an outline. That is, brain science has not been able to correctly hypothesize about or idntify the essence of consciousness. The principle and essence of consciousness are precisely described in detail by the Integration Theory of Psychoanalysis. Cognitive linguistics, that is the mainstream of linguistics study, has been used as the linguistics for artificial intelligence (AI). In contrast, the Integration Theory of Psychoanalysis constructs a new linguistic system and enables context formation, with emotional language as the center and absorbing cognitive language.
The generating mechanism of consciousness can be solved by revising Freud's first topography. The first topography describes a three-layer structure of consciousness, preconsciousness, and unconsciousness (from top to bottom). Regarding this three-layer structure, consciousness does not interact directly with unconsciousness and all stimuli go through preconsciousness. However, in fact, displeasing factors (belonging to the motive system) reach consciousness directly from unconsciousness without going through preconsciousness. Contrary to this, fear (belonging to the aversion system) passes directly to unconsciousness from consciousness without going through preconsciousness. After close examination of these psychic realities, when the first topography is revised to describe a circle structure divided into three sections, all psychodynamics of psychic phenomena can be explained without contradiction. That is, the path of neural transmissions during sleep is as follows: "preconsciousness⇔unconsciousness." During awakening, the following path also appears: "⇔preconsciousness⇔consciousness⇔unconsciousness⇔." This signifies that consciousness places itself between preconsciousness and unconsciousness, and (the neural transmission of) consciousness forms a kind of detour. When consciousness is understood as a detour, consciousness naturally equals to awakening and it is not necessary to accept the incorrect idea insisted on by "Integrated information theory" that "dreams are also consciousness."
Even in an awakened state, consciousness does not always control all the integration and selection of information including perceptual cognition, emotional cognition, and cognitive behavior. Consciousness is partially involved in those functions and leaves most of them to preconsciousness (or unconsciusness). In other words, even in awakened state, the neural transmission―preconsciousness⇔unconsciousness―is generated in addition to the one mentioned above―⇔preconsciousness⇔consciousness⇔unconsciousness⇔. Both of these neural transmissions continue to work simultaneously. Within the most prototypal neural transmission of "⇔preconsciousness⇔consciousness⇔unconsciousness⇔," an alternative situation occurs as follows: either the reward system or the aversion system (which rises to consciousness from preconsciousness or unconsciousness via preconsciousness) works preferentially to the motive system (as displeasure which rises directly to consciousness from unconsciousness), and consciousness grasps the situation and makes a decision. That is, consciousness indicates the function of status determination. By prescribing consciousness as a kind of detour, it is possible to describe simply how (every) conscious neuron in the conscious field forms the neural transmission and its output & input. This method does not involve ambiguity of neural transmission like the one indicated in "Global Neuronal Workspace, GNW."
By revising the second topography, it is possible to solve the generating mechanism of language. Freud's second topography is described as a psychic apparatus having three elements: "id," "ego," and "super-ego." However, (unfortunately) the two topographies did not agree. Actually, Freud himself lamented that problem. When the concept of a psychic apparatus based on the above elements is revised as "the emotional control system (the functional network of neural transmissions in the emotional brain)" based on person representations with many emotional characteristics, solid consistency is demonstrated between the first topography revised to a circle structure divided into three sections and the second topography revised as the emotional control system. Stimuli transmit freely through both topographies using the dissociative cycle and the defensive cycle. It is possible to explain all psychic phenomena when the significance of those transmissions is understood. As introduced many times (in this site), the emotional control system consists of "the displeasure-defense system" which is characteristic of the animal brain and "the displeasure-regulation system" which is peculiar (unique) to the human brain. The displeasure-defense system has an alternative characteristic as follows: either neurons in the reward system or neurons in the aversion system work defensively towards neurons in the motive system. In contrast, the displeasure-regulation system has the characteristic of neurons in the reward system performing a regulatory functions (as a third party) towards neurons in the motive system. This indicates that, for human, the displeasure-defense system produces an abnormal mind (pathological mind) and the displeasure-regulation system produces a normal mind (healthy mind).
The mainstream approach to cognitive linguistics at present is centered on linguistics typology. This school of thought does not provide any persuasive explanation as to the origin, generation , and learning of language. In contrast, it is possible to solve the generating mechanism of language by using the emotional control system (which is the revised second topography). It is considered that language originates in the displeasure-regulation system. Language is necessary to distinguish many representations (especially representation of a person with emotional characteristics) and to communicate thoughts in order. In the displeasure-regulation system, solely neurons in the reward system demonstrate the ability to regulate the function of neurons in the motive system, (the displeasure-defense system observed in animal brain is excluded,) and are able to create a normal (healthy) human mind. (In other words, language is generated by the displeasure-regulation system, creating a normal and healthy mind.) Therefore, the ability of language can be called the reality-testing ability. (However, because humans are also animal, humans are not excluded from having abnormalities originated in the animal brain, i.e., the displeasure-defense system producing a pathological mind. As a result, both the displeasure-regulation system and the displeasure-defense system are combined in a human's mind and human language activity.) Emotional cognitive language is generated with the formation of the emotional control system and contains emotional language, emotion-related language, and emotion-potential language. So-called cognitive language is suitable for emotion-potential language. The whole of language can be described as a distribution map of language. Use of the emotional control system is necessary for context to be formed.
The Integration Theory of Psychoanalysis is the revolutionary theory of psychoanalysis. It defines mental health ＆ disease, and elucidates every psychological phenomena. Particularly, the cause of psychosis, schizophrenia ＆ manic-depressive disorders, is clarified and their radical
treatment aiming complete recovery is established. The contents beyond all imagination, the elucidation of consciousness ＆ self-consciousness, the way to enlightenment etc. are included in this book. Not only the expert in the field of psychoanalysis but also the persons who have interest in mind will be strongly affected by this book.
Digest version of the Integration Theory of Psychoanalysis