Method of study on context

 Although I do not completely disapprove of cognitive linguistics, I do not think that linguistics until today, including cognitive linguistics, has a valid standpoint about the essence of language. Here, I address a pair of corresponding terms instead of answering the reason for my opinion (I describe this in detail in The Integration Theory of Psychoanalysis in the Next Generation): action and language. What do they correspond to? When movement is made to correspond to vacabulary (and syntax), action corresponds to the context. No matter how hard the study of movement continues, it cannot reach a series of actions. Moreover, no matter how hard the study of vocabulary and syntax is continued, it cannot reach the formation of context. In contrast, when researchers begin with the study of context, it is possible for them to understand all languages. Incidentally, regarding the study on context, reseachers can argue about issues according to the distinguished context premise, context decision, context inconsistency, context maintenance, context abnormality, context establishment, context formation, context expression, and so on.

                                                        Study on context

Significance of context

 The essence of language is "pleasure and displeasure". Therefore, the essence of context is also "pleasure and displeasure". The emotional system can be distinguished into two: "the displeasure-defense system", which is shared by the animal brain, and "the displeasure-regulation system", which is peculiar to the human brain. The displeasure-defense system is the source of "ability to estimate the situation". Meanwhile, the displeasure-regulation system represents the function to advance an estimate of the situation as a reality testing ability. An estimate of the situation (including the background) produced by the displeasure-defense system is originally a function of consciousness. Consciousness is an operation system for the animal brain to go into action. However, the animal brain does not have any language. The ability to estimate the situation in which the animal brain is present, i.e., consciousness, cannot distinguish between the normality and abnormality of psychological phenomena (health and disease of mind) peculiar to humans. In contrast, the context (based on language) that humans have is a reality testing ability derived from the displeasure-regulation system, that is, the ability to maintain the health of mind. Therefore, the value of context lies in the (psychological) world peculiar to language which cannot be expressed by action.

                                                         Study on context

Context premise (similarities between action and context)

 The psychodynamics to bring about context are equivalent to the psychodynamics to act. When displeasure (motive) is caused in a certain situation, consciousness is activated, the awakening degree is raised, and the reaction to the displeasure (either reward or aversion) is chosen. Then, some aim is set up and the operative organization of will linked with it is also activated. That is, the "generating mechanism of motive" on the page pf "motive theory" on my website works. When the soltary type of the grandiose self sends stimuli to all brain areas, "perception system ⇔ thinking system ⇔ emotion system" is activated and the emotional control system (the displeasure-defense and the displeasure-regulation systems) is also activated. Although the sorts and natures of stimuli present an infinite variety, an aim is first set up, and then, the concrete means to carry it out are provided. Until a feasible scenario is completed, the separation of subject and object (bringing into being) from the solitary type of the grandiose self, the fusion of subject and object (bringing into not-being) to consciousness, and the action program or lanfuage system in preconsciousness continue to work while circulating.

                                                        Study on context

Context decision (differences between action and context)

 As stated above, regarding the functions of the emotion system and consciousness and the generating mechanism of motive, almost the same psychodynamics develop in animals and humans. Then, how do they differ? The emotional control system, action program, and language system are constructed in preconsciousness. There are great differences in the structure and function of preconsciousness between animals and humans. Regarding the emotional control system, only the displeasure-defense system is present in the animal brain. Meanwhile, in the human, both displeasure-defense and displeasure-regulation systems are present. Moreover, while only the action program is present in the animal brain, both the action program and the language system are present in the human brain. For example, apes may be able to create easy tools and products. However, they cannot recreate more complicated tools and cannot improve products for easy use. Humans can perform such tasks because there are neural networks that are nested for the construction of a language system, and these neural networks make the displeasure-regulation system work within preconsciousness.

                                                        Study on context

Context decision 2 (differences between action and context 2)

 As humans have language, their actions change greatly compared to animals. Although reflex axtions directly linked to the motor system from the perception system remain unchanged from animals, the human action program is strongly influenced by the language system, such as conscious, preconscious, and unconscious actions. This change can be estimated as the change in the quality and quantity of human action. Moreover, from the viewpoint that the utterance area of linguistic action needs motor function, one may argue that language not only changes human action but also takes over human action. Incidentally, because animal action and its changes are performed only by consciousness, they are not called context. However, human action and its changes are performed not only by consciousness but also by language (and the cognition caused by language). Furthermore, language frequently controls human action and its changes. Therefore, human action and its changes can be called the context. That is, it is not too much to say that human action is subsumed by the context generated from language.

                                                        Study on context

Linguistic distribution

 It is not too much to also say that our psychological actions are performed around language. Because we have a lot of language, we can suppose a "mental space" in which language can freely act. Mental space is a sort of comparison. As a forming space, it is a field that enables complicated neural transmissions. Currently, the detailed (lingustic) neural transmissions are unknown. How do neural actions develop in the human brain? Although I do not have an evaluation measure according to the elucidation of neural actions, when a field of neural action can be (conversely) estimated as mental space, psychological action around language can be artificially created. I describe this as linguistic distribution. As already mentioned, linguistic action means that the emotional control system works in a four-dimensional cube produced by three axes: the mode of "self and object" in the perception system; the mode of "being and not-being" in the thinking system; and the mode of "pleasure and displeasure" in the emotion system.

                                                        Study on context 

Context inconsistency

 A situation, an aim, motive, will, etc., are set up, acting is obstructed, and verbalizing is performed. I describe emotional cognitive language as follows: emotional language occupies the central part of the linguistic space, emotion-related language occupies the intermediate part, and emotion-potential language, namely cognitive language, occupies the peripheral part. The emotional control system is in charge of emotional language and emotion-related language. Emotion-potential language has a predominantly large vocabulary. We created a context according to emotional language and emotion-related language. Supposedly, humans used to have a small amount of vocabulary, lack of potential for development in conversation and composition, and difficulty in creating context with a decided purpose. Finally, we fell into context inconsistency and were at the limits of mutual understanding. To mitigate this shortage of context and understanding, we expanded our vocabulary by expressing the body, and phenomena concerning the body and nature, and that concerning nature through language. Polysemy and metaphors of language are expedients in resolving context inconsistencies. When emotion-potential language, which plays such a role, works as an emotion-related language, emotional language is also activated. Furthermore, the emotional control system, which uses emotion-potential language, starts working.

                                                        Study on context

Context maintenance

 We try to maintain context by continuing to speak and write as far as we want to speak and write. That is, when we have some desires and set an aim, motive continues to maintain context and examines the content repeatedly while reviving and circulating. There are two important points regarding what vocabulary and expressions are utilized: using particles smoothly; and how to maintain context, i.e., how to use conjunctions. Some conjunctions attract our attention and interest, while some after a certain argument evokes questions and a sense of discomfort. In this way, conjunctions have a substantial influence. Incidentally, some individuals continue to speak while nodding by themselves instead of using conjunctions. Meanwhile, some repeat the same conjunction repeatedly, and their speech has quite a flimsy content.

                                                         Study on context

Context abnormality

 When you suddenly ask individuals, "What are you doing?", it may be natural that they answer, "Nothing in particular." However, how do you think about their answer, "I'm breathing." Does this answer mean, "Shut up!"? They may return such words because they do not want to share with you. Once, when I talked about my patient, "It's cold, today.", he/she answered, "It's hot!". I was surprised and smiled wryly. I think that my patient was angry at that time because he/she muttered to himself/herself. I disturbed his/her conversation with an auditory hallucination. Unless words are uttered with adequate timing, the words may not be shared. In a situation that timing is shared, what happens when words that are not good for the place are uttered? I think that individuals have a context abnormality due to their personality structure. Pathological states in the fragile system (severely disturbed personality disorders), in which "the loop of help" in the displeasure-regulation system is not formed, has a problem in that the place (atmosphere) where should be shared is not shared.

                                                         Study on context 

Contact information 

The Integration Theory of Psychoanalysis is the revolutionary theory of psychoanalysis. It defines mental health & disease, and elucidates every psychological phenomena. Particularly, the cause of psychosis, schizophrenia & manic-depressive disorders, is clarified and their radical
treatment aiming complete recovery is established. The contents beyond all imagination, the elucidation of consciousness & self-consciousness, the way to enlightenment etc. are included in this book. Not only the expert in the field of psychoanalysis but also the persons who have interest in mind will be strongly affected by this book.